Many Helping Hands
In considering how the balance between state intervention and the space for ground initiatives is struck in Singapore, it is key o review the "Many Helping Hands" approach adopted here.
Then Acting Minister for Community Development Abdullah Tarmugi said in 1995 that the approach develops "self-reliance in a society that is robust, yet compassionate and caring" through "partnerships with concerned citizens, corporations, community organisations, religious groups and family members."
The "Many Helping Hands" concept involves the state that set the legal, regulatory and financial parameters, the voluntary welfare organisations (VWOs) that directly serve beneficaries, the volunteers, the donors and the larger community.
However, some observers have called the approach "Many Hired Hands" instead because of the dominant role of the Government in the social sector. Its dominance is in part due to the need of the charities to rely on heavy funding from the Government. On average, governments elsewhere contribute about 35 per cent of the social sector's global revenue through grants and contracts to non-profit groups.
But our spending on the sector is much more generous. In 2013, government grants alone accounted for $6.4 billion, or nearly half of the $13.9 billion in receipts of the charity sector. Government funding, given to family service centres, for example, is often offered for specific purposes and programmes that are aligned with the Government's direction or priorities.
The tension that may come about from too close an association between the regulatory authority and the funder was acknowledged when the National Council of Social Service gave up its regulatory role to the Charities unit under the then Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports in 2010. Its then president Kwek Siew Jin said: "Wielding a stick on one hand and handling out sweets with the other is not an easy task and one that certainly does not breed confidence and trust."
However, though the Government is the major funder of the sector, it has taken pains to ensure that charities and the public take ownership of social issues and causes through it evolving financing model. In the early 1990s, the Government came up with a 50-50 funding formula where it provides half of the money needed for capital and recurrent costs. The agencies needed to raise the other half of the funds from the public for services such as residential homes, family services and day care centres for the elderly and disabled. The aim was to build a foundation of shared responsibility where the public, people and private sectors work together to provide social services so as to foster community involvement and active volunteerism.
Today, due to escalating infrastructural costs, the Government puts in at least 90 per cent of capital costs, but its portion of recurrent costs still largely remains the same. Ms Ang Bee Lian, director of social welfare at the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) said: "This partnership in social service provision allowed the Government to increase and build on social welfare through social agencies using its own brand of strong state-supported welfare without making Singapore into a traditional welfare state."
This principle of shared responsibility still informs social service provision today. Last year, the Government pledged $500 million to match donations raised by the Community Chest and VWOs here dollar for dollar. Charities can use the extra money to build new centres or start new projects on top of the regular services.
The idea of the one-to-one matching is to get the charities and public involved in these efforts by raising awareness of various issues and, in the process, raising their own donations.
Ground-up innovations
But more needs to be done because there are areas of social and community interventions that the Government is not able to take on.
For example, VWOs can respond more nimbly and with more immediacy when it comes to emerging needs or gaps because they work directly on the ground. They can provide niche and customised solutions to meet the diverse and unique needs of their benefiaries.
Mr Laurence Lien, former Nominated MP and ex-chief executive of National Volunteer and Philanthropy Centre, said: "Where innovation and experimentation are needed, non-profit organisations are better placed at conducting and abandoning as needed."
So the Government can work with the community on this aspect by providing the resources and the coordination needed to scale up good ideas or feasible innovations. An example would be an early detection and intervention programme - piloted by philantropic group Lien Foundation, KK Women's and Children's Hospital and the PAP Community Foundation - in 2009 to help children with mild learning difficulties. The results were so encouraging that the Government came on board and scale it up nationally years later.
Tsao Foundation has also spearheaded a $5 million initiative in Whampoa to enable older people to age in their own flats and familiar neighbourhood, with the help of a coordinated community-wide system of health and social support programmes and services. Such an experiment would not have taken off without the $4 million funding from the Tote Board - a statutory board of the Government - and the support of more than 20 government, healthcare and community agencies in the area.
Lack of Data
In order for community groups to come up with more innovative ideas to help those in need, one key obstacle that needs to be tackled is the lack of data.
Community groups need both localised data specific to the neighbourhoods they are based in to develop hyper-local solutions for that area, as well as national data to determine if such a problem is catching on elsewhere before rolling out initiatives on a larger scale. But there is a dearth of data on various social issues.
For instance, we do not know how much income an elderly person requires to meet his daily needs for food, clothing, shelter and care. Neither do we know the geographic locations of Singapore's poorest households, or the proportion of working mothers.
ComCare - the Community Care Endowment Fund - was launched in 2005 as a key social safety net to support the needy in our midst. But it was only a few months ago that the Government, for the first time, released a detailed breakdown of the profile of the households which received financial aid from the state.
If more data was collected and provided freely to community groups, all parties will stand to gain. Community groups and the public also have a role in helping to aggregate this big data by reporting cases to the authorities. MSF said it has been receiving more online alerts from the public in recent years that enabled it to locate people in need of assistance.
In an increasingly globalised and fast-paced world, social issues have become more complex and multifaceted. We need more than "many helping hands" to meet those challenges. We need all hands on deck.
Thoughts anyone?
Yours,
Something Small Thinking Big
No comments:
Post a Comment